![]() Previous investigations have reported expert action videogames players (AVGPs) to outperform non-players (NAVGPs) in a variety of cognitive and perceptual tasks, including visual selective attention ( Green and Bavelier, 2003, 2006a Feng et al., 2007 Dye et al., 2009 Spence and Feng, 2010 Clark et al., 2011 Belchior et al., 2013), visual stimuli detection ( Vallett et al., 2013), visual search efficiency ( Castel et al., 2005), contrast sensitivity ( Li et al., 2009), visual interference suppression ( Hazarika et al., 2018), shifting ( Green et al., 2010), cognitive flexibility ( Colzato et al., 2010), visual short-term memory ( Boot et al., 2008), decision making ( Green et al., 2010), multitasking ( Green and Bavelier, 2006a), and multisensory integration ( Di Luzio et al., 2021). ![]() These games require fast responses to visual and auditory cues, constant selection between multiple action plans, and peripheral processing, ultimately resulting in a very demanding perceptual load ( Green et al., 2010 Hubert-Wallander et al., 2011). The vast majority of previous studies has focused on action videogames, a category characterized by complex visual scenes and different time-locked goals ( Bavelier et al., 2012 Latham et al., 2013). This has consequently led to an increase in research efforts addressing both potential harms and benefits of videogaming on cognitive functions ( Oei and Patterson, 2013). Videogame consoles are widely used by adolescents and children nowadays, with up to the 60% of 8–18 years old adolescents playing videogames on a daily basis, and a great increase of the overall daytime spent playing videogames from 1999 to 2020 ( Lu et al., 2012 Özçetin et al., 2019). Personalized FPS gaming can significantly speed-up the learning curve of action videogame-players, with possible future applications for expert-video-gamers and potential relevance for clinical-rehabilitative applications. A significant increase in cognitive performance was also observed. Participants exposed to the adaptive version of the game were found to progress significantly faster in terms of in-game performance, reaching gaming scenarios up to 2.5 times more difficult than the group exposed to standard CS:GO ( p < 0.05). Two groups of FPS-naïve healthy young participants were randomly assigned to playing one of the two game versions (11 and 10 participants, respectively) 2 h/day for 3 weeks in a controlled laboratory setting, including daily in-game performance monitoring and extensive cognitive evaluations administered before, immediately after, and 3 months after training. To address this question, we compared the impact of a popular FPS-game (Counter-Strike:Global-Offensive–CS:GO) with an ad hoc version of the game based on a personalized, adaptive algorithm modifying the artificial intelligence of opponents as well as the overall game difficulty on the basis of individual gaming performance. ![]() However, previous studies have been using off-the-shelf FPS games based on predefined gaming settings, therefore it is not known whether such improvement of in game performance and transfer of abilities can be further improved by creating a in-game, adaptive in-game training protocol. First-Person Shooter (FPS) game experience can be transferred to untrained cognitive functions such as attention, visual short-term memory, spatial cognition, and decision-making. ![]()
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